Friday, October 2, 2009
Thursday, September 17, 2009
ppt on THE INTERPLANETARY INTERNET .pdf download
ABSTRACT
A strategy is being developed whereby
the current set of internationally
standardized space data
communications protocols can be
incrementally evolved so that a first
version of an operational
“Interplanetary Internet” is feasible by
the end of the decade. This paper
describes its architectural concepts,
discusses the current set of standard
space data communications
capabilities that exist to support Mars
exploration and reviews proposed new
developments. It is also speculated that
these current capabilities can grow to
support future scenarios where human
intelligence is widely distributed
across the solar system and day-to-day
communications dialog between
planets is routine.
the current set of internationally
standardized space data
communications protocols can be
incrementally evolved so that a first
version of an operational
“Interplanetary Internet” is feasible by
the end of the decade. This paper
describes its architectural concepts,
discusses the current set of standard
space data communications
capabilities that exist to support Mars
exploration and reviews proposed new
developments. It is also speculated that
these current capabilities can grow to
support future scenarios where human
intelligence is widely distributed
across the solar system and day-to-day
communications dialog between
planets is routine.
ppt on INTELLIGENT SKYSCRAPER MONITORING SYSTEM . pdf download
1. ABSTRACT
The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) hasreminded us of the importance of structural integrity
Monitoring for improving disaster preparedness and
response. A real-time system based on GPS and optical
fiber sensors for monitoring structural integrity of the
skyscraper has been proposed. In the designed system,
there are 4 RTK GPS receivers atop the skyscraper on the
vertices and 4 groups of several strings of optical fiber
Bragg grating (FBG) sensors deployed along the 4 edges
of the perimeters. The GPS sensors are used to measure
the 3D positions of the vertices so that strain, tilt and
rotation of the skyscraper can be determined. The
vibrations of the skyscraper can be measured directly if an
external reference GPS receiver is used together with the
rover receivers atop the skyscraper at high sampling rate.
The optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used to
measure both strain and temperature. The conceptual
design of the combined system of GPS and optical fiber
sensors was based on the dimensions of the WTC. The
system proposed here may also prove to be useful for the
monitoring of other structures.
ppt on INTEGRATED FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR SPEED CONTROL OF BRUSHLESS DCMOTOR DRIVES .pdf download
ABSTRACT:
Brush Less dc (BLDC)
are penetrating in the market of home
appliances, industry, and
defense/military, automotive
applications in recent years because
of their high efficiency, silent
operation, compact form, reliability,
and low maintenance. BLDC are also
being popularly used in radar systems
for antenna positioning applications.
For accurate reception and
transmission of signals, the position
of the radar antenna must be precise.
This paper deals with the design and
development of integrated fuzzy logic
controller (IFLC) for the speed
control of BLDC servomotor drive
using virtual instrumentation
(Lab VIEW 6i). The proposed
controller system consists of twoinput
one-output FLC i.e., error and
change in error as inputs to the
system with single-output. The IFLC
is constructed by using FLC and PID
controllers for BLDC motor speed
are penetrating in the market of home
appliances, industry, and
defense/military, automotive
applications in recent years because
of their high efficiency, silent
operation, compact form, reliability,
and low maintenance. BLDC are also
being popularly used in radar systems
for antenna positioning applications.
For accurate reception and
transmission of signals, the position
of the radar antenna must be precise.
This paper deals with the design and
development of integrated fuzzy logic
controller (IFLC) for the speed
control of BLDC servomotor drive
using virtual instrumentation
(Lab VIEW 6i). The proposed
controller system consists of twoinput
one-output FLC i.e., error and
change in error as inputs to the
system with single-output. The IFLC
is constructed by using FLC and PID
controllers for BLDC motor speed
control application.
ppt on image processing .pdf download
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the basics of capturing an image, image processing tomodify and enhance the image is discussed. There are many applications for Image
Processing like surveillance, navigation, and robotics. Robotics is a very interesting
field and promises future development so it is chosen as an example to explain the
various aspects involved in Image Processing.
The various techniques of Image Processing are explained briefly and
the advantages and disadvantages are listed. There are countless different routines that
can be used for variety of purposes. Most of these routines are created for specific
operations and applications. However, certain fundamental techniques such as
convolution masks can be applied to many classes of routines. We have concentrated
on these techniques, which enable us to adapt, develop, and use other routines and
techniques for other applications. The advances in technology have created tremendous
opportunities for visual system and image processing. There is no doubt that the trend
will continue into the future.
ppt on HARDWARE PRESENTATION ON ELECTRONICS DICE .pdf download
Abstract:
The dice has six plane surfaces bearing one to six dots that determine thesteps of forward movement. In this electronic version the players need to press a switch
instead of throwing the six-surface dice. When the switch is pressed momentarily, the
seven-segmented counter display’s a number immediately in one to six.
ppt on HAM Radio Communication .pdf download
ABSTRACT:
Ham Radio (amateur radio) is a popular hobby amongst electronics enthusiasts all overthe world. Basically the hobby involves a person in making his own gear consisting of a receiver
and transmitter or a transceiver (a receiver and a transmitter in one unit) after procuring a license
from the Ministry of Communications. Various institutions with governmental help have come
into being recently.
Throughout the history, amateur radio enthusiasts have made significant contributions to
science, engineering, industry, and social services. The economic and social benefit derived from
research by amateur radio operators has founded new industries, built economies, empowered
nations, and saved lives.
Increasing a person's knowledge of electronics and radio theory as well as radio
contesting are also popular aspects of amateur radio. In this article we basically concentrate on
the various specifications as defined by the HAM operators such as the Transmitter, Receivers,
amplifiers, and the oscillator circuits. The basic block diagram has been illustrated.
At various stages of the paper the applications and the diverse uses of HAM have been
illustrated. The handy role of the HAM radio in various disasters management circumstances
have also been provided.
ppt on gid computing . pdf download
ABSTRACT
During recent years, we have witnessed
a major paradigm shift in distributed
computing principles, with a focus
towards service orientation, open
standards integration, collaboration, and
virtualization. “Grid” computing has
emerged as an important new field,
distinguished from conventional
distributed computing by its focus on
large-scale resource sharing, innovative
applications, and, in some cases, highperformance
orientation. In this paper,
we focus our analysis on this evolution
and the significance of achieving some
form of standardization of grid
computing architecture principles.
a major paradigm shift in distributed
computing principles, with a focus
towards service orientation, open
standards integration, collaboration, and
virtualization. “Grid” computing has
emerged as an important new field,
distinguished from conventional
distributed computing by its focus on
large-scale resource sharing, innovative
applications, and, in some cases, highperformance
orientation. In this paper,
we focus our analysis on this evolution
and the significance of achieving some
form of standardization of grid
computing architecture principles.
ppt on GPS- A COMMUNICATION GADGET . pdf download
ABSTRACT:
This paper describes one of the fastest
growing technologies, which provides
unequalled accuracy and flexibility of
positioning for navigation, surveying and
GIS data capture named as Global
Positioning System (GPS). By using this
you can know where you were located on
the planet at all times. The GPS provides
continuous 3-dimensional positioning 24
hrs a day throughout the world. This
technology has tremendous amount of
applications in Geophysics and geology
Location-based services, and mapping.
This paper is mainly concerned with the
description of GPS and how it works.
Some attention is also paid on the errors
related to GPS and also the ways to reduce
these errors
growing technologies, which provides
unequalled accuracy and flexibility of
positioning for navigation, surveying and
GIS data capture named as Global
Positioning System (GPS). By using this
you can know where you were located on
the planet at all times. The GPS provides
continuous 3-dimensional positioning 24
hrs a day throughout the world. This
technology has tremendous amount of
applications in Geophysics and geology
Location-based services, and mapping.
This paper is mainly concerned with the
description of GPS and how it works.
Some attention is also paid on the errors
related to GPS and also the ways to reduce
these errors
ppt on GPRS Communication Using Embedded Device .pdf download
Abstract
The task of creating a cheap and flexible device for Supervisory Control AndData Acquisition (SCADA) is the goal of this project. SCADA systems generally cover larger
geographic areas, and rely on a variety of communications systems that are normally less
reliable than a LAN.
The device is intended to operate as part of a previously defined architecture.
By using a very simple and cheap microprocessor, and relying on an existing
communications infrastructure – the mobile phone network, the task was accomplished to the
point that a functional system now exists. GPRS provides us with a relatively cheap,
continuous connection to the Internet, and a web interface hides complexity from the user.
ppt on GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM .pdf download
ABSTRACT
Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only system today able to show ones ownposition on the earth any time in any weather, anywhere. This paper addresses this
satellite based navigation system at length. The different segments of GPS viz. space
segment, control segment, user segment are discussed. In addition, how this amazing
system GPS works, is clearly described. The various errors that degrade the performance
of GPS are also included. DIFFERENTIAL GPS, which is used to improve the accuracy
of measurements, is also studied. The need, working and implementation of DGPS are
discussed at length. Finally, the paper ends with advanced application of GPS.
ppt on WIRELESS COMMUNICATION .pdf download
ABSTRACT
Wireless networks are nowadays the most popular means of data communication.
A wireless network is defined as a network protocol that enables online content to be
viewed and accessed via wireless devices such as cell phones, laptops and handheld
devices. Bluetooth is a simple type of wireless networking that allows the formation
of a small network with up to eight devices being connected at once.Wireless
networks may operate on licensed or unlicensed portions of the frequency
spectrum. Some of the types of wireless networks that we come across are
WLANS(Wireless Local Area Networks),WPANS(Wireless Personal Area
Networks),WMANS( Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks),WWANS(Wireless
Wide Area Networks).As far as application point of view the different categories of
wireless networks are CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data), HSCSD (High Speed
Circuit Switched Data), PDC-P (Packet Data Cellular),GPRS(General Packet
Radio Service),1xRTT(1x Radio Transmission Technology), Bluetooth,
MMDS(Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service),LMDS(Local Multipoint
Distribution Service),WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access),802.11(Wi-Fi)The advantages offered by wireless networks lure the users
around the world to switch to wireless networks. But users have to compromise with
the speed limitations offered by wireless networks.
ppt on GESTURE RECOGNITION AND HMM .pdf download
ABSTRACT:
Understanding human
motions can be posed as a pattern
recognition problem. Humans express timevarying
motion patterns (gestures), such as
a wave, in order to convey a message to a
recipient. If a computer can detect and
distinguish these human motion patterns, the
desired message can be reconstructed, and
the computer can respond appropriately.
This thesis describes an approach to
recognize domain-dependent gestures using
various different mehods. Constellation
method and Hidden Markov Model (HMM)
are one of the different methods of gesture
recognition. Both methods have their special
features and used according to appropriate
situations. HMM involves more
mathematical calculations than
constellation method.
motions can be posed as a pattern
recognition problem. Humans express timevarying
motion patterns (gestures), such as
a wave, in order to convey a message to a
recipient. If a computer can detect and
distinguish these human motion patterns, the
desired message can be reconstructed, and
the computer can respond appropriately.
This thesis describes an approach to
recognize domain-dependent gestures using
various different mehods. Constellation
method and Hidden Markov Model (HMM)
are one of the different methods of gesture
recognition. Both methods have their special
features and used according to appropriate
situations. HMM involves more
mathematical calculations than
constellation method.
ppt on GENETIC ALGORITHMS .pdf download
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are adaptive heuristic search algorithm premised on the
evolutionary ideas of natural selection and genetic. The basic concept of GAs is designed
to simulate processes in natural system necessary for evolution, specifically those that
follow the principles first laid down by Charles Darwin of survival of the fittest. As such
they represent an intelligent exploitation of a random search within a defined search
space to solve a problem.
GAs were introduced as a computational analogy of adaptive systems. They are modelled
loosely on the principles of the evolution via natural selection, employing a population of
individuals that undergo selection in the presence of variation-inducing operators such as
mutation and recombination (crossover). A fitness function is used to evaluate
individuals, and reproductive success varies with fitness.
evolutionary ideas of natural selection and genetic. The basic concept of GAs is designed
to simulate processes in natural system necessary for evolution, specifically those that
follow the principles first laid down by Charles Darwin of survival of the fittest. As such
they represent an intelligent exploitation of a random search within a defined search
space to solve a problem.
GAs were introduced as a computational analogy of adaptive systems. They are modelled
loosely on the principles of the evolution via natural selection, employing a population of
individuals that undergo selection in the presence of variation-inducing operators such as
mutation and recombination (crossover). A fitness function is used to evaluate
individuals, and reproductive success varies with fitness.
ppt on FUZZY LOGIC BASED OVER CURRENT PROTECTION FOR MV NETWORKS .pdf download
Abstract
In the paper a novel approach to over current protection
stabilization based on FUZZY Logic technique is presented. The scheme is intended
for MV overhead lines for which the auto enclosure function is applied to enhance
reliability of supply in case of intermediate the feeders supplying a part of network
with numerous loaded MV/LV transformers that may face inrush conditions after
reemerging the line. Traditional harmonic effective for line over current protection
because of different current spectrum as measured at the MV bus bars. The new FL
protection developed takes both current and voltage signals for further processing
and final decision is issued as a result of partial decision support coefficients.
Application of signal fuzzification an fuzzy setting enabled obtaining a relay with
increased sensitivity, reliability and much faster than commonly available solutions.
The developed fuzzy protection scheme has been tested with EMTP signals and
compared with other standard protection approaches.
ppt on fuzzy logic .pdf download
ABSRACT:
Fuzzy logic is a superset of conventional(Boolean) logic that has been extended to
handle the uncertainty in data. It was
introduced by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh of UC/Berkeley
in the 1960's as a means to model the
uncertainty of natural language. Fuzzy logic is
useful to processes like manufacturing
because of its ability to handle situations that
the traditional true/false logic can't adequately
deal with. It lets a process specialist describe,
in everyday language, how to control actions
or make decisions without having to describe
the complex behavior.
ppt on FUTURE WITH NANOTECHNOLOGY .pdf download
ABSTRACT:
Today’s most intriguing, curiositydriven
and promising area of technology
is by far the “nanotechnology”.
Technology concerns the building of
useful things based on known scientific
principles. Thus ‘nanotechnology’
means building of useful things based on
things of dimensions at the nanometer
level. The scientific community to
describe various phenomena occurring
in these tiny structural domains often
uses various words with prefix ‘nano’.
Understanding of the science of
nanomaterials is important and
curiosity-driven not only because of the
fascinating nature of the subject itself
but also for its overwhelming and novel
applications of various nanoscale
systems in almost all branches of
technology. Nanotechnology cuts across
disciplines without a thought. From
physics, we have tools that allow us to
see and manipulate matter at
unprecedented small scales. From
chemistry, we have methods for
synthesizing and assembling molecules,
from materials science; we know that
this is also the scale of a cell. The reason
that nanotechnology is causing so much
excitement is the potential to bring
together all these disciplines to tackle
common problems—and, of course, solve
them with a plethora of new applications.
The present paper attempts in a nutshell
to give a peripheral sketch towards the
understanding of this amazing subject of
nanomaterials.
and promising area of technology
is by far the “nanotechnology”.
Technology concerns the building of
useful things based on known scientific
principles. Thus ‘nanotechnology’
means building of useful things based on
things of dimensions at the nanometer
level. The scientific community to
describe various phenomena occurring
in these tiny structural domains often
uses various words with prefix ‘nano’.
Understanding of the science of
nanomaterials is important and
curiosity-driven not only because of the
fascinating nature of the subject itself
but also for its overwhelming and novel
applications of various nanoscale
systems in almost all branches of
technology. Nanotechnology cuts across
disciplines without a thought. From
physics, we have tools that allow us to
see and manipulate matter at
unprecedented small scales. From
chemistry, we have methods for
synthesizing and assembling molecules,
from materials science; we know that
this is also the scale of a cell. The reason
that nanotechnology is causing so much
excitement is the potential to bring
together all these disciplines to tackle
common problems—and, of course, solve
them with a plethora of new applications.
The present paper attempts in a nutshell
to give a peripheral sketch towards the
understanding of this amazing subject of
nanomaterials.
ppt on FUEL CELLS .pdf download
ABSTRACT
You may have heard a lot recently about fuel cells. According to manynews reports, we may soon be using the new energy-saving technology to
generate electrical power for our homes and cars. The technology is extremely
interesting to people in all walks of life because it offers a means of making
power more efficiently and with less pollution. A fuel cell is an
electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals
hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity. In
addition to clean, quiet operation, fuel cells offer highly reliable, high-quality
electricity.
In
ppt on finger chip : Fingerprint recognition based on silicon chips .pdf download
Abstract
After introducing the fingerprint recognition mechanism, different types offingerprint sensors will be presented, with silicon-based sensors being shown as a less
expensive solution. The fact that lower area means lower cost for silicon chips will be
demonstrated by looking at ‘sweeping’ solutions such as the FingerChip™. Then, the
fingerprint system will be detailed from a silicon point-of-view: how the integration of
the sensor and processor may enhance the cost and the security, associated (or not) with a
smart card.
Keywords: Biometrics; Fingerprint recognition; Fingerprint sensor
ppt on FIBER OPTICS IN COMMUNICATION . pdf download
ABSTRACT
An opical fibre (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along itslength by total internal reflection.Fiber optics is the branch of applied science and
engineering concerned with such optical fibers.optical fibers are widely used in
fiber optic communication, which permitts digital data transmission over longer
distances and at higher data rates than other forms of wired and wireless
communications.they are also used to form sensors,and in a variety of other
applications.
ppt on FACE RECOGNITION . pdf download
ABSTRACT
Face Recognition is the inherent capability of human beings.Identifying a person by face is one of the most fundamental human
functions since time immemorial. Face recognition by computer is to
endow a machine with capability to approximate in some sense, a similar
capability in human beings. To impart this basic human capability to a
machine has been a subject of interest over the last few years. Such a
machine would find considerable utility in many commercial transactions,
personal management, security and the law enforcement applications,
especially in criminal identification, authentication in secure system etc.
Enough research has not been carried out on identification of human
faces. However a number of automated or semi-automated recognition
studies have been reported.
Wednesday, September 16, 2009
ppt on FACE MORPHING .pdf download
ABSTRACT
A study on face morphing is
proposed. The algorithms explains the
extra feature of points on face and based
on these feature points, images are
portioned and morphing is performed .The
algorithms has been used to generate
morphing between images of face of
different people as well as between images
of face of individuals. To do face
morphing, feature points are usually
specified manually in animation
industries. . However, this approach
involved computation of 3N dimensional
probability density function, N being the
number of pixels of the image, and we
thought the approach was too much
computation-demanding. Within the scope
of this project, we built up a prototypical
automatic animation generator that can
take an arbitrary pair of facial images and
generate morphing between them. The
results of both inter and intra personal
morphing are subjectively satisfactory.
ppt on ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE PROTECTION FOR HIGH SPEED I/O SIGNALS IN VLSI TECHNOLOGY .pdf download
ABSTRACT
Electrostatic discharges constitute a danger for integrated circuits that never should be underestimated .This paper focuses on what is ESD , where does this term occurs , what are the damages caused by ESD and
its cost of damage at each and every level. Electrostatic charging can occur as a result of friction, as well as
for other reasons. When two non conducting materials rub together, then are separated, opposite
electrostatic charges remain on both. These charges attempt to equalize each other. A common example of
the generation of such charges is when one walks with well-insulated shoes on a carpet that is electrically
non conducting, causing the body to become charged. If a conducting object is touched, for example, a
water pipe or a piece of equipment connected to a ground line, the body is discharged. The energy stored in
the human body is injected into the object that is touched, and is converted primarily into heat..The various
levels of human perceptions and its ranges are also discussed. We have some elementary circuit models in
which the ESD occur and some graphical comparisons of the above models. This test circuits have been
developed to test sensitivity to electrostatic discharges by simulating various scenarios. These test circuits
are analyzed in more detail in the following paragraphs. These should provide the design engineer with
insight into the reliability of these tests and the effectiveness of the individual protection circuits, providing
the criteria to decide, in individual cases, whether additional precautions are necessary. We have the
classification of failures based on ESD , their respective contribution percentages and the basic circuits for
the preventions of ESD.
ppt on ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY .pdf download
ABSTRACT:
The electromagnetic environment is the integral part of the world in whichwe live. Various apparatus such as radio and television broadcast stations,
communication transmitters, and other radar and navigational aids radiate
electromagnetic energy during their normal operation. These are intentional and
unintentional radiations of electromagnetic energy into the environment. Many
appliances, such as automobile ignition systems and industrial control equipment
used in everyday life also emit electromagnetic energy although these emissions
are not an essential part of normal operation. The electromagnetic environment
created by these intentional and unintentional sources, when sufficiently strong,
interferes with the operation of many electrical and electronics equipment and
systems which degrades the performance of the system. Electromagnetic
Interference is nothing but electromagnetic pollution. It is neither seen nor sensed
nor audible and hence it is a salient threat.
ppt on EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LARGE AIRCRAFT INFRARED COUNTERMEASURES SYSTEMS .pdf download
ABSTRACT
Regarding the recent escape by an Israeli charter airline in which terrorists fired a pair of infrared(IR) SA-7 surface-to-air missiles at an Israeli passenger jet in Kenya late last year, the near-disaster
called attention to commercial aircraft's vulnerability to small, shoulder-launched weapons. Shoulderlaunched
missiles or MANPADS (man portable air-defense systems) have been a military staple for
decades. MANPADS are manufactured around the world and cost between $20 000 and $70 000 per
system by some estimates, more than 500 000 shoulder-fired missile systems now exist, and it only
takes one bought on the market to severely damage or even bring down a plane. They are easily
transportable, designed to be setup and fired by two people with minimal training, and have a range of
about 5 km. Since the infra-red threat is becoming more deadly one of the more challenging aspects is
the development of an urgently needed missile defense system, which enhances commercial passenger
aircrafts survive against currently deployed infrared missiles, with growth to handle future
generations of anti- aircraft missiles. Breakthroughs in the development of improved and smarter
target acquisition systems have made it necessary to strenuously develop new countermeasure
systems that can assure the survivability of large aircrafts
This is a crucial time for the aircraft-survivability community. Whether you operate in the
realm of susceptibility or vulnerability, in the realm of military or civilaviation, with an estimated
inventory of 500,000 shoulder-launched IR missiles around the world, IR jammers may become more
important to air travelers than comfortable seats and in-flight movies.
ppt on EMBEDDED SYSTEMS . pdf download
Abstract:
Imagine you control all the systems around just by a simple gesture and the thingsrespond to you as if it was some magic. This could be possible with embedded systems.
The term ‘embedded systems’ is quite a complex one. Simply put, it is a combination of
hardware and software that performs the component of a larger system. A few years ago embedded
technology existed in stand-alone devices such as vending machines and copiers that did their jobs
with little regards for what went on around them. But as technology advance to connect devices to
the internet and to each other, the potential of embedded technology has increased. Home
appliances, mobile phones, cars, tiny micro chips, avionics etc.., are all using embedded
technology.
ppt on ELECTRO MAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY .pdf download
ABSTRACT:
The electromagnetic environment is the integral part of the world in whichwe live. Various apparatus such as radio and television broadcast stations,
communication transmitters, and other radar and navigational aids radiate
electromagnetic energy during their normal operation. These are intentional and
unintentional radiations of electromagnetic energy into the environment. Many
appliances, such as automobile ignition systems and industrial control equipment
used in everyday life also emit electromagnetic energy although these emissions
are not an essential part of normal operation. The electromagnetic environment
created by these intentional and unintentional sources, when sufficiently strong,
interferes with the operation of many electrical and electronics equipment and
systems which degrades the performance of the system. Electromagnetic
Interference is nothing but electromagnetic pollution. It is neither seen nor sensed
nor audible and hence it is a salient threat.
ppt on ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY .pdf download
ABSTRACT
Asymmetric cryptography is a
marvelous technology. Its uses are many
and varied.
And when you need it, you need it. For
many situations in distributed network
environments, asymmetric cryptography
is a must during communications. If
you're taming key distribution issues
with a public key infrastructure (PKI),
you're using asymmetric cryptography.
If you're designing or employing any
kind of network protocol or application
requiring secure communications, to
come up with a practical solution, you're
going to have to use asymmetric
cryptography.
Click Here To Downlaod
marvelous technology. Its uses are many
and varied.
And when you need it, you need it. For
many situations in distributed network
environments, asymmetric cryptography
is a must during communications. If
you're taming key distribution issues
with a public key infrastructure (PKI),
you're using asymmetric cryptography.
If you're designing or employing any
kind of network protocol or application
requiring secure communications, to
come up with a practical solution, you're
going to have to use asymmetric
cryptography.
Click Here To Downlaod
ppt on ECHO CANCELLATION IN VOICE OVER IP .pdf download
Abstract:
This paper provides an introduction into the basics of echo cancellation. The
paper is kept general but it emphasizes on the emerging Voice over IP (VoIP)
market. However, most aspects can also applied to Asynchronous Transfer
Mode (ATM) or wireless networks. This paper shows why and where echo
cancellation is required, what echo is, and what causes it. It also gives an
overview of the standards involved in echo cancellation. The SIDECTM, Infineon’s
digital echo canceller, meets the requirements of the VoIP market. This paper
shows how it can be integrated into a VoIP system and the advantages the
solution offers.
ppt on digital signal procesing .pdf download
ABSTRACT
A signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with time ,space ,or anyother independent variable .Signal may be in any form like images from remote space
probes, voltages generated by the heart and brain, radar and sonar echoes, seismic
vibrations, and countless other forms .Signal processing is any operation that changes the
characteristics of a signal into desired form .These characteristics include the amplitude
shape ,phase and frequency content of the signal .
ppt on DNA COMPUTING .pdf download
Abstract
Silicon microprocessors
have been the heart of computing world
for more than forty years. Computer chip
manufacturers are furiously racing to
make the next microprocessor that will
topple speed records and in the process
are cramming more and more electronic
devices onto the microprocessor. Sooner
or later the physical speed and
miniaturization limits of silicon
microprocessors is bound to hit a wall.
Chipmakers need a new
material to produce faster computing
speed with fewer complexities. You
won’t believe where scientists have
found this new material. DNA, the
material our genes are made of, is being
used to build the next generation of
microprocessors. Scientists are using
this genetic material to create nanocomputers
that might take the place of
silicon computers in the next decade.
Click Here To Download
have been the heart of computing world
for more than forty years. Computer chip
manufacturers are furiously racing to
make the next microprocessor that will
topple speed records and in the process
are cramming more and more electronic
devices onto the microprocessor. Sooner
or later the physical speed and
miniaturization limits of silicon
microprocessors is bound to hit a wall.
Chipmakers need a new
material to produce faster computing
speed with fewer complexities. You
won’t believe where scientists have
found this new material. DNA, the
material our genes are made of, is being
used to build the next generation of
microprocessors. Scientists are using
this genetic material to create nanocomputers
that might take the place of
silicon computers in the next decade.
Click Here To Download
ppt on digital watermaking . pdf download
ABSTRACT
In the wake of increasing copyright misuses, several new technologies are developed topreserve the authentication of information. Digital water marking is one of them. It is a
technique that allows us to add hidden copyright notices, verification messages or any
other useful information to the original signal.The hidden message can be a group of bits
that describe something about the signal or about the genuine author of the signal. The
description can be about the name, place or something related to this. Much of the
research work has been done in the field of digital watermarking in the recent period of
time.In this paper, a brief description about various digital water marking techniques for
different media types is given. Watermark insertion and watermark decoding is described
as well. The watermarking techniques described for various media types include audio
water marking, video water marking, image water marking and text water marking. Some
of the properties and applications are also discussed.
ppt on DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING .pdf download
ABSTRACT:
In the present world Computer Graphics plays an important role. The areashere we are using computer graphics are Entertainment, Presentations, Education and
training, Visualization, Design, Image Processing and Graphical User Interface. In all
these Image Processing has its own importance.
Image Processing deals with how we can improve the clarity of image and
to manipulate the image which is a ver important application of computer graphics. In
Image processing we are doing some operation on image.
ppt on digital image capturing and processing .pdf download
ABSTRACT:-
In the present world Computer Graphics plays an important role. Theareas here we are using computer graphics are Entertainment, Presentations,
Education and training, Visualization, Design, Image Processing and Graphical User
Interface. In all these Image Processing has its own importance
Image Processing deals with how we can improve the clarity of image
and to manipulate the image which is a very important application of computer
graphics. In Image processing we are doing some operation on image.
This paper mainly concentrates on what is an image and how image
processing takes place and digital image. It also deals with Characteristics of
image operations like types of operations and types of neighborhood and the
various techniques of Image Processing are explained briefly and the advantages and
disadvantages are listed.
ppt on DIGITAL JEWELLERY . pdf download
1. ABSTRACT:
Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that tie us to our desks, but many of today's mobiledevices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of computing, there will be an
explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across our desktops. Basically, jewelry
adorns the body, and has very little practical purpose. However, researchers are looking to change the
way we think about the beads and bobbles we wear. The combination of microcomputer devices and
increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewelry with
embedded intelligence i.e., Digital jewelry. Digital jewelry can best be defined as wireless, wearable
computers that allow you to communicate by ways of e-mail, voicemail, and voice communication.
This paper enlightens on how various computerized jewelry (like ear-rings, necklace, ring, bracelet,
etc.,) will work with mobile embedded intelligence.
ppt on datamining and warehousing . pdf download
ABSTRACT
The Data Warehousing supports business analysis and decision making by creating anenterprise wide integrated database of summarized, historical information. It integrates data
from multiple incompatible sources. By transforming data into meaningful information a data
warehouse allows the business manager to perform more substantive, accurate and consistent
analysis.
DataMining techniques can be implemented rapidly on existing software and hardware
platforms to enhance the value of existing information resources and can be integrated with new
products and systems as they are brought online. When implemented on high performance
clien/server or parallel processing computers datamining tools can analyze massive databases
that support querying effectively.
A Data Warehouse is of course a database, but it contains summarized information.
Integration of Data Mining with Warehouse exploits effective results like better quering process,
performance sharing and also getting reliable information. Here in the following section we
expose the entire concept of Data Warehousing & Data Mining.
ppt on Data Mining And Visualizing . pdf download
Introduction
The point of data visualization is to let the user understand what is going on. Since datamining usually involves extracting "hidden" information from a database, this
understanding process can get somewhat complicated. In most standard database
operations nearly everything the user sees is something that they knew existed in the
database already. A report showing the breakdown of sales by product and region is
straightforward for the user to understand because they intuitively know that this kind of
information already exists in the database. If the company sells different products in
different regions of the county, there is no problem translating a display of this
information into a relevant understanding of the business process.
ppt on DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING . pdf download
ABSTRACT
Data mining, the extraction of hidden predictive information fromlarge databases, is a powerful new technology with great potential to help
companies focus on the most important information in their data
warehouses. Data mining tools predict future trends and behaviors, allowing
businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. The automated,
prospective analyses offered by data mining move beyond the analyses of
past events provided by retrospective tools typical of decision support
systems.
Data warehouse is a computer system designed to give business
decision-makers instant access to information. The warehouse copies its
data from existing systems like order entry, general ledger, and human
resources and stores it for use by executives rather than programmers.
Data warehouse users use special software that enables them to create
and access information when they need it, as opposed to a reporting
schedule defined by the information systems(IS) department.
This paper describes about the basic architecture of data
warehousing, it’s software and process of data warehousing. It also
presents different techniques followed in data mining.
ppt on cryptography .pdf download
Abstract:
This paper proposes to introduce public-keycryptography into digital atermarkingso that all the informationfor extracting a watermark can be opened. In the proposed
system,a watermark is embedded into “an encrypted-image with a publickey”, then the
watermarked encrypted-image is decrypted usingthe corresponding private key. Using the
opened information suchas the public key and the extracting algorithm, any one can
extracta watermark from a watermarked image. Any cracker whodoesn’t possess the
private key can not defuse nor alter awatermark. It should be noted that in the system, the
watermarkedimage would differ considerably from the original image, sincesmall noise
embedded on the encrypted-image is usually expandedwhen it is decrypted. This paper
also shows the possibility to solvethe problem.
ppt on CRYPTOGRAPHY AND STEGANOGRAPHY .pdf download
ABSTRACT
STEGANOGRAPHY is the art of hiding
data in ways that prevent its detection.
Steganography is usually given as a
synonym for Cryptography but it is
not usually used in that way. It is not
intended to replace cryptography but
supplement it. Computer-based
techniques introduce changes to digital
covers to embed data foreign to the
native covers. Such data may be
communicated in the form of text, binary
files or provide additional information
about the cover and its owner such as
digital watermarks or fingerprints. Smart
cards enables us to perform smart
commerce in the digital age. The smart
card, an intelligent token, is a credit card
sized plastic card embedded with an
integrated circuit chip that makes it
“smart”. It provides not only memory
capacity, but computational capability as
well. This paper explains a new
algorithm, which describes how
steganography can be combined with
cryptography to enhance security of
data stored in smart cards.
This paper aims to outline a general
introduction to cryptography and
steganography, gives an introduction to
smart cards, elucidates the proposed
algorithm, and illustrates how security
of data in smart card is enhanced using
this algorithm.
Click Here To Download
data in ways that prevent its detection.
Steganography is usually given as a
synonym for Cryptography but it is
not usually used in that way. It is not
intended to replace cryptography but
supplement it. Computer-based
techniques introduce changes to digital
covers to embed data foreign to the
native covers. Such data may be
communicated in the form of text, binary
files or provide additional information
about the cover and its owner such as
digital watermarks or fingerprints. Smart
cards enables us to perform smart
commerce in the digital age. The smart
card, an intelligent token, is a credit card
sized plastic card embedded with an
integrated circuit chip that makes it
“smart”. It provides not only memory
capacity, but computational capability as
well. This paper explains a new
algorithm, which describes how
steganography can be combined with
cryptography to enhance security of
data stored in smart cards.
This paper aims to outline a general
introduction to cryptography and
steganography, gives an introduction to
smart cards, elucidates the proposed
algorithm, and illustrates how security
of data in smart card is enhanced using
this algorithm.
Click Here To Download
ppt on CRYONICS [ ON WAY TO RAISING THE DEAD?] . pdf download
Abstract:
Today technology plays a vital role in every aspect of life.Increasing standards in technology in many fields , has taken man today to
high esteem. But the present available technologies are unable to interact with
the atoms, such a minute particles. Hence Nanotechnology has been developing.
Nanotechnology is nothing but a technology which uses atoms with a view to
creating a desired product. It has wider applications in all the fields. The
important application is Cryonics.. Cryonics is nothing but an attempt of raising
the dead - making them alive. First we preserve the body then by using
molecular machines based nanotechnology we could revive the patients by
repairing damaged cells.
ppt on CRYOGENICS LIQUID NITROGEN AS A NON- POLLUTING FUEL .pdf downloadddddd
ABSTRACT:
Our paper examines the capability of several energy conversionprocesses to provide sufficient energy in a world where the non-renewable
resources are getting depleted. Moreover pollution caused by them is
increasing at a rapid rate. One such efficient and non-polluting means of
running the vehicles is the use of liquid nitrogen. To use liquid nitrogen as a
non-polluting fuel, a multiple reheat open Rankine and a closed Brayton cycle
are used.
ppt on CONTROLLING AND MONITORING OF SUBSTATION AUTOMATION .pdf download
Abstract
Protection and substation control have
Under gone dramatic changes since the
advent of powerful micro-processing and
digital communication. Smart multi
functional and communicative feeder
units, so called IEDs(Intelligent
Electronic Devices) have replaced
traditional conglomerations of
mechanical and static panel
instrumentation. Combined protection,
monitoring and control devices and LAN
based integrated substation automation
systems are now state of the art.Modern
communication technologies including
the Internet are used for remote
monitoring, setting and retrieval of load
and faultdata. Higher performance at
lower cost hasresulted in a fast
acceptance of the new technology.
The trend of system integration will
continue, driven by the cost pressure of
competition and technological progress.
The ongoing development towards
totally integrated substations is expected
to pick up speed with the approval of the
open communication standard IEC61850
in the next years.
Click Here To Download
Under gone dramatic changes since the
advent of powerful micro-processing and
digital communication. Smart multi
functional and communicative feeder
units, so called IEDs(Intelligent
Electronic Devices) have replaced
traditional conglomerations of
mechanical and static panel
instrumentation. Combined protection,
monitoring and control devices and LAN
based integrated substation automation
systems are now state of the art.Modern
communication technologies including
the Internet are used for remote
monitoring, setting and retrieval of load
and faultdata. Higher performance at
lower cost hasresulted in a fast
acceptance of the new technology.
The trend of system integration will
continue, driven by the cost pressure of
competition and technological progress.
The ongoing development towards
totally integrated substations is expected
to pick up speed with the approval of the
open communication standard IEC61850
in the next years.
Click Here To Download
ppt on CMOS SCALING LIMITS AND RELIABILITY ISSUES IN VLSI DESIGNED ELECTRONIC CHIPS .pdf download
Abstract
Over the last two decades, CMOS scaling has been the driver forElectronics industry. During the last few years, the pace of scaling has been
accelerating, and we are approaching some fundamental limits of the CMOS
technology. In this paper, some of the key challenges of the CMOS scaling, as we
approach sub 100 nm regimes, are reviewed in terms of physical and fabricating
limits. CMOS technology is facing many critical challenges to continue its scaling
trend. This affects not only the fabrication technologies but also various VLSI
design rules that are to be implemented while designing a chip. We discussed about
various fabrication as well as design issues following Moore’s law and what
happens when it reaches its limit as continuous scaling of VLSI devices take place.
Apart from that, various VLSI chip reliability issues both at design and device
phase and various methods proposed by researchers were also discussed. We see
VLSI as a chip fabrication methodology as well as design methodology in this
paper.
ppt on CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS .pdf download
Abstract:
GSM stands for Global System for
Mobile communications, and CDMA
stands for Code Division Multiple
Access. The GSM is built around the
TDMA, or the Time Division Multiple
Access concept. Basically, the two
technologies address differently the
same fundamental problem of mobile
communication, how to divide the finite
frequency of airwaves between multiple
users at the same time, or, how to make
more than one person to carry on a
conversation on the same frequency
without causing mutual interference..
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Mobile communications, and CDMA
stands for Code Division Multiple
Access. The GSM is built around the
TDMA, or the Time Division Multiple
Access concept. Basically, the two
technologies address differently the
same fundamental problem of mobile
communication, how to divide the finite
frequency of airwaves between multiple
users at the same time, or, how to make
more than one person to carry on a
conversation on the same frequency
without causing mutual interference..
Click Here To Download
ppt on CDMA / Mobile Communication Techniques .pdf download
ABSTRACT
In today’s world of technology it’s really excitingand enthusiastic to know thata frequency band of 800MHz or 1900 MHz is used for mobile
communication.Technologies that we are using for mobile communication
are known as cellular access technologies – GSM, FDMA,TDMA and CDMA.
FDMA is the technology that separates this spectrum into distinct voice
channels by splitting it into uniform chunks of bandwidth. It’s not an efficient
technology for digital transmission. In TDMA, a narrow band that is 30 KHz
wide and 6.7 milliseconds long is split time wise into three time slots. Each
conversation gets radio for one third of the time. In this case voice data has
been converted to digital information so that the transmission space is reduced
CDMA, after digitizing the data spreads it out over the entire available
bandwidth. Multiple calls are over laid on each other on the channel with each
assigned a unique sequence code.Continuousdevelopment of mobile
communication has led to the evolution of the Bluetooth, GPRS, Wi-Fi for
providing the internet facility. In conclusion one can easily say that CDMA
combined with Bluetooth and GPRS is the best and the latest technology that
we are using for mobile communication.
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ppt on CARBON NANOTUBES . pdf download
ABSTRACT
The present article is an attempt to review the history and progress,which have been made in the area of growth, characterization and applications of
Carbon Nanotubes.They are tubular graphite sheets that have carbon molecules at
the apexes of hexagons.The exemplary chemical, thermal, and electrical
properties of CNT’s make them the preferred alternative material for various
devices that include batteries, fuel cells, composites, semiconductors,etc.Thus the
birth and development of CNT has indeed sent shock waves to various competing
materials and technologies spanning various industries targeted by CNT.
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ppt on OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE .pdf download
Abstract :
This paper describes a kind of active camouflage system named OpticalCamouflage. Initially,Camouflage is made understood and then the theory of optical camouflage
is developed.Optical Camouflage uses the Retro-reflective Projection Technology, a projectionbased
augmented–reality system, composed of a projector with a small iris and a retroreflective
screen.The concept of optical camouflage is straightforward : to create the illusion of
invisibility by covering an object with something that projects the scene directly behind that
object. This system was conceived with the primary view in mind of concealing stationary or
moving objects such as men, vehicles, or aircraft from view and has practical military, law
enforcement, and security applications.
Click Here To Download
ppt on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) .pdf download
Abstract
Over the last decade Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) haveevoked great interest in the scientific and engineering communities. They are formed
by integration of electronic and mechanical components at micron level. They have
several substantive advantages: orders of magnitude smaller size, better performance
than other solutions, possibilities for batch fabrication and cost-effective integration
with electronics and potentially large reduction in power consumption, etc. This paper
will give an introduction to these exciting developments of MEMS, the fabrication
technology used and applications in various fields.
Click Here To Download
ppt on Bluetooth .pdf download
Abstract
Bluetooth is the communication protocol
standards that define a physical layer and
a MAC layer for wireless
communications within a short range
(from a few meters up to 100 m) with
low power consumption (from less than
1 mW up to 100 mW). Bluetooth is
oriented to connecting close devices,
serving as a substitute for cables, while
Wi-Fi is oriented toward computer-tocomputer
connections, as an extension of
or substitution for cabled LANs. In this
article we offer an overview of these
popular wireless communication
standards, comparing their main features
and behaviors in terms of various
metrics, including capacity, network
topology, security, quality of service
support, and power consumption.
standards that define a physical layer and
a MAC layer for wireless
communications within a short range
(from a few meters up to 100 m) with
low power consumption (from less than
1 mW up to 100 mW). Bluetooth is
oriented to connecting close devices,
serving as a substitute for cables, while
Wi-Fi is oriented toward computer-tocomputer
connections, as an extension of
or substitution for cabled LANs. In this
article we offer an overview of these
popular wireless communication
standards, comparing their main features
and behaviors in terms of various
metrics, including capacity, network
topology, security, quality of service
support, and power consumption.
Click Here To Download
ppt on Blu-ray Discs .pdf download
ABSTRACT
Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD) is the name of a next-generation optical
disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of leading
consumer electronics and PC companies (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG,
Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). The
format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video
(HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. A single-layer Blu-ray Disc can hold 25GB,
which can be used to record over 2 hours of HDTV or more than 13 hours of standarddefinition
TV. There are also dual-layer versions of the discs that can hold 50GB.
Click Here To Download
Thursday, September 3, 2009
Tuesday, April 14, 2009
ppt on blueeyes technology.pdf free download
ABSTRACT
Is it possible to create a computer which can interact with us as we
interact each other? For example imagine in a fine morning you walk on to your
computer room and switch on your computer, and then it tells you “Hey friend,
good morning you seem to be a bad mood today. And then it opens your mail box
and shows you some of the mails and tries to cheer you. It seems to be a fiction,
but it will be the life lead by “BLUE EYES” in the very near future.
The basic idea behind this technology is to give the computer the human
power. We all have some perceptual abilities. That is we can understand each
others feelings. For example we can understand ones emotional state by analyzing
his facial expression. If we add these perceptual abilities of human to computers
would enable computers to work together with human beings as intimate partners.
The “BLUE EYES” technology aims at creating computational machines that
have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings.
Click here to download::
Is it possible to create a computer which can interact with us as we
interact each other? For example imagine in a fine morning you walk on to your
computer room and switch on your computer, and then it tells you “Hey friend,
good morning you seem to be a bad mood today. And then it opens your mail box
and shows you some of the mails and tries to cheer you. It seems to be a fiction,
but it will be the life lead by “BLUE EYES” in the very near future.
The basic idea behind this technology is to give the computer the human
power. We all have some perceptual abilities. That is we can understand each
others feelings. For example we can understand ones emotional state by analyzing
his facial expression. If we add these perceptual abilities of human to computers
would enable computers to work together with human beings as intimate partners.
The “BLUE EYES” technology aims at creating computational machines that
have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings.
Click here to download::
ppt on BIONICS | papers on BIONICS
ABSTRACT
The perpetual hiatus between man and machine was curtailed by the advent
of Bionics.
Transcendental scientists had undergone several vicissitudes in topics relevant
to study of bionics. For past many years, making human like machines has
been a dream of mankind. Today the experts from the field of engineering,
ophthalmology, surgery and biology are working together to develop artificial
organs. The crux of the topic stresses on learning from nature to inspire
independent technological development.
Concepts of Bionics , its classification , application of bionics pertaining to
real life has been elaborated along with the pros and cons in the present
paper .Up to now the physically challenged people would interact with nature
just by thoughts, now this virtuality was turned to reality by Bionics.
Click here to download::
The perpetual hiatus between man and machine was curtailed by the advent
of Bionics.
Transcendental scientists had undergone several vicissitudes in topics relevant
to study of bionics. For past many years, making human like machines has
been a dream of mankind. Today the experts from the field of engineering,
ophthalmology, surgery and biology are working together to develop artificial
organs. The crux of the topic stresses on learning from nature to inspire
independent technological development.
Concepts of Bionics , its classification , application of bionics pertaining to
real life has been elaborated along with the pros and cons in the present
paper .Up to now the physically challenged people would interact with nature
just by thoughts, now this virtuality was turned to reality by Bionics.
Click here to download::
ppt on Bionic Eyes - Hope for the blind! | papers on bionic eyes
Abstract
Technology has done wonders for the
mankind. We have seen prosthetics that
helped overcome handicaps. Bio medical
engineers play a vital role in shaping the
course of these prosthetics. Now it is the turn
of Artificial Vision through Bionic Eyes.
Chips-designed specifically to imitate
the characteristics of the damaged retina, and
the cones and rods of the organ of sight are
implanted with a microsurgery.
Whether it be Bio medical, Computer,
Electrical, or Mechanical Engineers – all of
them have a role to play in the personification
of Bionic Eyes. This multidisciplinary nature
of the ‘new technology’ has inspired me to
present this paper.
There is hope for the blind in the form
of Bionic Eyes. This technology can add life
to their vision less eyes!
Click here to download
mankind. We have seen prosthetics that
helped overcome handicaps. Bio medical
engineers play a vital role in shaping the
course of these prosthetics. Now it is the turn
of Artificial Vision through Bionic Eyes.
Chips-designed specifically to imitate
the characteristics of the damaged retina, and
the cones and rods of the organ of sight are
implanted with a microsurgery.
Whether it be Bio medical, Computer,
Electrical, or Mechanical Engineers – all of
them have a role to play in the personification
of Bionic Eyes. This multidisciplinary nature
of the ‘new technology’ has inspired me to
present this paper.
There is hope for the blind in the form
of Bionic Eyes. This technology can add life
to their vision less eyes!
Click here to download
ppt on BIOMETRIC VOTING SYSTEM- A novel way to vote | papers on BIOMETRIC VOTING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
It has always been an arduous task for the election commission to conduct free and fair polls in our
country, the largest democracy in the world. Crores of rupees have been spent on this to make sure that the
elections are riot free. But, now- a -days it has become common for some forces to indulge in rigging which may
eventually lead to a result contrary to the actual verdict given by the people.
This paper aims to present a new voting system employing biometrics in order to avoid rigging and to
enhance the accuracy and speed of the process. The system uses thumb impression for voter identification as we
know that the thumb impression of every human being has a unique pattern. Thus it would have an edge over the
present day voting systems.
Click here to download::
It has always been an arduous task for the election commission to conduct free and fair polls in our
country, the largest democracy in the world. Crores of rupees have been spent on this to make sure that the
elections are riot free. But, now- a -days it has become common for some forces to indulge in rigging which may
eventually lead to a result contrary to the actual verdict given by the people.
This paper aims to present a new voting system employing biometrics in order to avoid rigging and to
enhance the accuracy and speed of the process. The system uses thumb impression for voter identification as we
know that the thumb impression of every human being has a unique pattern. Thus it would have an edge over the
present day voting systems.
Click here to download::
Thursday, April 9, 2009
ppt on UNDER THE THEME: BIO INFORMATICS
PAPER UNDER THE THEME:”BIO INFORMATICS”
ABSTRACT
“A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . .
. . . your cash
. . . your credit cards
. . . your ATM card
. . . your ID cards
. . . your insurance
. . . and your life
FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it.”
“Biochips”-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of
Computer science, Electronics & Biology. Its a new type of bio-security device to
accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to
accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing
it. It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering pesky
PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers .No more matters of carrying medical
records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place;
everything goes embedded in the chip…. Every thing goes digitalized. No more
hawker tricks on the internet….! Biochip has a variety technique for secured Emoney
transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of
locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients.
Click here to download::
ABSTRACT
“A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . .
. . . your cash
. . . your credit cards
. . . your ATM card
. . . your ID cards
. . . your insurance
. . . and your life
FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it.”
“Biochips”-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of
Computer science, Electronics & Biology. Its a new type of bio-security device to
accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to
accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing
it. It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering pesky
PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers .No more matters of carrying medical
records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place;
everything goes embedded in the chip…. Every thing goes digitalized. No more
hawker tricks on the internet….! Biochip has a variety technique for secured Emoney
transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of
locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients.
Click here to download::
ppt on BIO INFORMATICS DRUG DISCOVERY
Paper's on BIO INFORMATICS DRUG DISCOVERY
ABSTRACT:
The human body is a wonderful machine. Attempts have been mode since time
immemorial to understand the functioning of this machine. Over the years, the study of
biology has moved on from being ‘in vivo’ (within an organism) to ‘in vitro’ (outside on
organism) and now to ‘in silio’ (using electronics and computers far Biological research’s).
The converges of biology, computational science, electronics and mathematics into
bioinformatics domain in creating new hopes to patients of life threatening diseases. Micro
chip technology like MEMS & Advances in fields like nanotechnology and molecular
diagnostics together providing the foundation for implantable biomedical devices that can
diagnose, monitor, and threat diseases. Smart, implantable drug delivery systems can detect
chemical and electrical signals in the body and release appropriate therapeutic dosages for
treatment. Highly effective drugs precisely target certain diseases and minimize side effects.
Bio informatics helps to identify a specific genetic sequence that is responsible for a
particular disease so that individual tailored drugs based on an individuals profile are made.
This paper deals with biochips that analyses biological material, biosensors to treat
patients by adjusting dosage levels with little intervention from medical practitioner & labon-
a-chip the device which prepares biological samples, handles, fluids, and performs
biochemical analysis and also provides an overview of the topic DNA.
Click here to download::
ABSTRACT:
The human body is a wonderful machine. Attempts have been mode since time
immemorial to understand the functioning of this machine. Over the years, the study of
biology has moved on from being ‘in vivo’ (within an organism) to ‘in vitro’ (outside on
organism) and now to ‘in silio’ (using electronics and computers far Biological research’s).
The converges of biology, computational science, electronics and mathematics into
bioinformatics domain in creating new hopes to patients of life threatening diseases. Micro
chip technology like MEMS & Advances in fields like nanotechnology and molecular
diagnostics together providing the foundation for implantable biomedical devices that can
diagnose, monitor, and threat diseases. Smart, implantable drug delivery systems can detect
chemical and electrical signals in the body and release appropriate therapeutic dosages for
treatment. Highly effective drugs precisely target certain diseases and minimize side effects.
Bio informatics helps to identify a specific genetic sequence that is responsible for a
particular disease so that individual tailored drugs based on an individuals profile are made.
This paper deals with biochips that analyses biological material, biosensors to treat
patients by adjusting dosage levels with little intervention from medical practitioner & labon-
a-chip the device which prepares biological samples, handles, fluids, and performs
biochemical analysis and also provides an overview of the topic DNA.
Click here to download::
ppt on Developing better communicatoin systems With Noise reduction and ECHO cancellation in Mobile communication
Paper's on Developing better communicatoin systems With Noise reduction and ECHO cancellation in Mobile communication
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses some of the issues faced by communication equipment developers and a few of the solutions that are applied to help them deliver a noise and echo free world.
It is estimated that over a third of the world’s population spend time talking on mobile phones. The quality of that communication experience very much depends on the clarity of the voice that is heard at each end of the conversation.
Now a days many of us are facing a problem that hearing our voice ourselves while talking to our mobile callers. This is called an echo. In order to cancel this echo and to reduce noise, a better communication system are designed which are discussed in this paper.
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ABSTRACT
This paper discusses some of the issues faced by communication equipment developers and a few of the solutions that are applied to help them deliver a noise and echo free world.
It is estimated that over a third of the world’s population spend time talking on mobile phones. The quality of that communication experience very much depends on the clarity of the voice that is heard at each end of the conversation.
Now a days many of us are facing a problem that hearing our voice ourselves while talking to our mobile callers. This is called an echo. In order to cancel this echo and to reduce noise, a better communication system are designed which are discussed in this paper.
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ppt on Beam Robotics and Nervous Networks.pdf | free download
Paper's on Beam Robotics and Nervous Networks
(EMERGING TREND IN ROBOTICS)
Abstract::
The field of ROBOTICS has been a fascination since the advent of computational
technologies. To induce life into the robos, complex and powerful electronic components are
required. Hence advance knowledge and great funds are required to build even small robots.
These create hurdles to the beginners in this field. These hurdles can be overcome by
adopting a new philosophy called BEAM ROBOTICS formulated by Mark. W. Tilden.
Here minimal electronics are used and using solar power, miniature creatures are created first
from which new prototypes can be evolved. Unlike conventional robos, which use costly
microprocessor controlled architecture, these have interconnection of elementary circuits
called NERVOUS NETWORKS. Here a reconfigurable central network oscillator is
utilized for autonomous and independent operation of components. Further it favors
development of legged robos. The nervous technology provides (1) pulse delay circuits
(neurons), interconnected in closed loops, which generate square waves and (2) pulse
neutralization circuits. The central sequencing network and limb circuits control the
direction of the motor thereby the motion of their legs. The advantage is that the use of
microprocessors and costly components is eliminated and the processes are localized and
self-sustaining. Thus beginners and students can implement the innovative ideas without
having high knowledge, skill and fund.
Click here to download::
(EMERGING TREND IN ROBOTICS)
Abstract::
The field of ROBOTICS has been a fascination since the advent of computational
technologies. To induce life into the robos, complex and powerful electronic components are
required. Hence advance knowledge and great funds are required to build even small robots.
These create hurdles to the beginners in this field. These hurdles can be overcome by
adopting a new philosophy called BEAM ROBOTICS formulated by Mark. W. Tilden.
Here minimal electronics are used and using solar power, miniature creatures are created first
from which new prototypes can be evolved. Unlike conventional robos, which use costly
microprocessor controlled architecture, these have interconnection of elementary circuits
called NERVOUS NETWORKS. Here a reconfigurable central network oscillator is
utilized for autonomous and independent operation of components. Further it favors
development of legged robos. The nervous technology provides (1) pulse delay circuits
(neurons), interconnected in closed loops, which generate square waves and (2) pulse
neutralization circuits. The central sequencing network and limb circuits control the
direction of the motor thereby the motion of their legs. The advantage is that the use of
microprocessors and costly components is eliminated and the processes are localized and
self-sustaining. Thus beginners and students can implement the innovative ideas without
having high knowledge, skill and fund.
Click here to download::
ppt on Beam Robotics and Nervous Networks.pdf | free download
Paper's on Beam Robotics and Nervous Networks.pdf
Abstract::
The field of ROBOTICS has been a
fascination since the advent of
computational technologies. To induce life
into the robos, complex and powerful
electronic components are required. Hence
advance knowledge and great funds are
required to build even small robots. These
create hurdles to the beginners in this field.
These hurdles can be overcome by
adopting a new philosophy called BEAM
ROBOTICS formulated by Mark. W.
Tilden. Here minimal electronics are used
and using solar power, miniature creatures
are created first from which new
prototypes can be evolved. Unlike
conventional robos, which use costly
microprocessor controlled architecture,
these have interconnection of elementary
circuits called NERVOUS NETWORKS.
Here a reconfigurable central network
oscillator is utilized for autonomous and
independent operation of components.
Further it favors development of legged
robos. The nervous technology provides
(1) pulse delay circuits (neurons),
interconnected in closed loops, which
generate square waves and (2) pulse
neutralization circuits. The central
sequencing network and limb circuits
control the direction of the motor thereby
the motion of their legs. The advantage is
that the use of microprocessors and costly
components is eliminated and the
processes are localized and self-sustaining.
Thus beginners and students can
implement the innovative ideas without
having high knowledge, skill and fund.
We are very happy to place this paper
before the academic fraternity. Now it will
be our pleasure to receive the reader’s
feedback. We feel such a feedback is vital
to improving the knowledge of an efficient
engineer, thereby achieving its purpose.
Clic here to download::
Abstract::
The field of ROBOTICS has been a
fascination since the advent of
computational technologies. To induce life
into the robos, complex and powerful
electronic components are required. Hence
advance knowledge and great funds are
required to build even small robots. These
create hurdles to the beginners in this field.
These hurdles can be overcome by
adopting a new philosophy called BEAM
ROBOTICS formulated by Mark. W.
Tilden. Here minimal electronics are used
and using solar power, miniature creatures
are created first from which new
prototypes can be evolved. Unlike
conventional robos, which use costly
microprocessor controlled architecture,
these have interconnection of elementary
circuits called NERVOUS NETWORKS.
Here a reconfigurable central network
oscillator is utilized for autonomous and
independent operation of components.
Further it favors development of legged
robos. The nervous technology provides
(1) pulse delay circuits (neurons),
interconnected in closed loops, which
generate square waves and (2) pulse
neutralization circuits. The central
sequencing network and limb circuits
control the direction of the motor thereby
the motion of their legs. The advantage is
that the use of microprocessors and costly
components is eliminated and the
processes are localized and self-sustaining.
Thus beginners and students can
implement the innovative ideas without
having high knowledge, skill and fund.
We are very happy to place this paper
before the academic fraternity. Now it will
be our pleasure to receive the reader’s
feedback. We feel such a feedback is vital
to improving the knowledge of an efficient
engineer, thereby achieving its purpose.
Clic here to download::
ppt on AUTOMATED AUTOMOBILES FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Paper's on AUTOMATED AUTOMOBILES
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL SYSTEM
(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
ABSTRACT
Automobiles have become an integrated part of our daily life. The
development of technology has improved the automobile industry in both cost &
efficiency. Still, accidents prove as challenge to technology. Highway accident
news are frequently found in the newspapers. The automobile speed has
increased with development in technology through years and the complexity of
the accidents has also increased. Higher speeds the accidents prove to be more
fatal. Man is intelligent with reasoning power and can respond to any critical
situation. But under stress and tension he falls as a prey to accidents. The
manual control of speed & braking of a car fails during anxiety. Thus
automated speed control & braking system is required to prevent accidents.
This automation is possible only with the help of Artificial Intelligence (Fuzzy
Logic).
In this paper, Fuzzy Logic control system
Click here to download::
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL SYSTEM
(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
ABSTRACT
Automobiles have become an integrated part of our daily life. The
development of technology has improved the automobile industry in both cost &
efficiency. Still, accidents prove as challenge to technology. Highway accident
news are frequently found in the newspapers. The automobile speed has
increased with development in technology through years and the complexity of
the accidents has also increased. Higher speeds the accidents prove to be more
fatal. Man is intelligent with reasoning power and can respond to any critical
situation. But under stress and tension he falls as a prey to accidents. The
manual control of speed & braking of a car fails during anxiety. Thus
automated speed control & braking system is required to prevent accidents.
This automation is possible only with the help of Artificial Intelligence (Fuzzy
Logic).
In this paper, Fuzzy Logic control system
Click here to download::
ppt on AUDIOVISUAL PERSON TRACKING WITH MOBILE ROBOTS .pdf | free download
Paper's on AUDIOVISUAL PERSON TRACKING WITH MOBILE ROBOTS .pdf
ABSTRACT:
Mobile service robots are recently gaining
increased attention from industry as they
are envisaged as a future market. Such
robots need natural interaction capabilities
to allow unexperienced users to make use
of these robots in home and office
environment. Inorder to enable the
interaction between humans and a robot,
the detection and tracking of persons in the
vicinity of the robot is necessary. In this
paper we present a person tracking system
for a mobile robot which enables the robot
to track several people simultaneously. Our
approach is based on variety of inputs cues
that are fused using a multi-modal
anchoring framework. The sensors
providing input data are two microphones
for sound source localization, a pan-tilt
camera for face and torso recognition, and
a laser range finder for leg detection.
Through processing camera images to
extract the torso position, our robot can
follow a person guiding the robot that is
not oriented towards the robot and that is
not speaking. In this case the torso
information is especially important for
robust tracking during temporary failure of
the leg detection.
Click here to download::
ABSTRACT:
Mobile service robots are recently gaining
increased attention from industry as they
are envisaged as a future market. Such
robots need natural interaction capabilities
to allow unexperienced users to make use
of these robots in home and office
environment. Inorder to enable the
interaction between humans and a robot,
the detection and tracking of persons in the
vicinity of the robot is necessary. In this
paper we present a person tracking system
for a mobile robot which enables the robot
to track several people simultaneously. Our
approach is based on variety of inputs cues
that are fused using a multi-modal
anchoring framework. The sensors
providing input data are two microphones
for sound source localization, a pan-tilt
camera for face and torso recognition, and
a laser range finder for leg detection.
Through processing camera images to
extract the torso position, our robot can
follow a person guiding the robot that is
not oriented towards the robot and that is
not speaking. In this case the torso
information is especially important for
robust tracking during temporary failure of
the leg detection.
Click here to download::
ppt on ARTIFICIAL VISION .pdf | free download
ARTIFICIAL VISION
TOWARDS CREATING THE JOYS OF SEEINGFOR THE BLIND
Made possible by micro medical electronics
ABSTRACT:
TOWARDS CREATING THE JOYS OF SEEINGFOR THE BLIND
Made possible by micro medical electronics
ABSTRACT:
Blindness is more feared by the public than any
other ailment. Artificial vision for the blind was
once the stuff of science fiction. But now, a
limited form of artificial vision is a reality
.Now we are at the beginning of the end of
blindness with this type of technology. In an
effort to illuminate the perpetually dark world
of the blind, researchers are turning to
technology. They are investigating several
electronic-based strategies designed to bypass
various defects or missing links along the
brain's image processing pathway and provide
some form of artificial sight.
This paper is about curing blindness. Linking
electronics and biotechnology, the scientists
has made the commitment to the development
of technology that will provide or restore vision
for the visually impaired around the world.
This paper describes the development of
artificial vision system, which cures blindness
to some extent. This paper explains the process
involved in it and explains the concepts of
artificial silicon retina, cortical implants etc.
The roadblocks that are created are also
elucidated clearly. Finally the advancements
made in this system and scope of this in the
future is also presented clearly.
Click here to download::
other ailment. Artificial vision for the blind was
once the stuff of science fiction. But now, a
limited form of artificial vision is a reality
.Now we are at the beginning of the end of
blindness with this type of technology. In an
effort to illuminate the perpetually dark world
of the blind, researchers are turning to
technology. They are investigating several
electronic-based strategies designed to bypass
various defects or missing links along the
brain's image processing pathway and provide
some form of artificial sight.
This paper is about curing blindness. Linking
electronics and biotechnology, the scientists
has made the commitment to the development
of technology that will provide or restore vision
for the visually impaired around the world.
This paper describes the development of
artificial vision system, which cures blindness
to some extent. This paper explains the process
involved in it and explains the concepts of
artificial silicon retina, cortical implants etc.
The roadblocks that are created are also
elucidated clearly. Finally the advancements
made in this system and scope of this in the
future is also presented clearly.
Click here to download::
ppt on ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK USING EBP-NN BASED SYSTEM FOR ECG ABNORMALITY DETECTION .pdf | free download
ABSTRACT:-
Bio-signals are essentially nonstationary signals; they display a fractal like self-similarity. The bio-potentials generated by the muscles of the heart results in a signal called electro cardiogram (ECG). It is one of the most important physiological parameter, which is being extensively used for knowing the state of cardiac patients. They may contain indicators of current disease, or even warnings about impending diseases. The indicators may be present at all times or may occur at
random – in the time scale. However, to study and pinpoint anomalies in voluminous data collected over several hours is strenuous and time consuming. Therefore, computer based analytical tools for in-depth study and classification of data over daylong intervals can be very useful in diagnostics.
This paper emphasis on analysis & interpretation of the ECG by using Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). ECG analysis using ANN is an important tool in which two or more successive ECG recordings from the same patients are compared in order to find changes due to disorders
in cardiac. Reliable detection of the QRS complex in either a normal or an abnormal ECG and its analysis is the first and foremost task in almost every ECG signal analysis system aimed at
the diagnostic interpretation of ECG.
This paper explains briefly, hardware required to pick up ECG signal. ECG is digitized and given to the neural network as input. Neural network is designed and training & testing sets are prepared in such away that it analyses ECG and gives output as normal or abnormal ECG. The result indicate ANN, if properly trained and validated will be a useful aid in the attempt to improve the diagnosis yield of the ECG. This study has shown large evidence in favour of using neural nets to improve the exercise ECG as a non-invasive
technique for detecting heart diseases.
Click here to download
random – in the time scale. However, to study and pinpoint anomalies in voluminous data collected over several hours is strenuous and time consuming. Therefore, computer based analytical tools for in-depth study and classification of data over daylong intervals can be very useful in diagnostics.
This paper emphasis on analysis & interpretation of the ECG by using Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). ECG analysis using ANN is an important tool in which two or more successive ECG recordings from the same patients are compared in order to find changes due to disorders
in cardiac. Reliable detection of the QRS complex in either a normal or an abnormal ECG and its analysis is the first and foremost task in almost every ECG signal analysis system aimed at
the diagnostic interpretation of ECG.
This paper explains briefly, hardware required to pick up ECG signal. ECG is digitized and given to the neural network as input. Neural network is designed and training & testing sets are prepared in such away that it analyses ECG and gives output as normal or abnormal ECG. The result indicate ANN, if properly trained and validated will be a useful aid in the attempt to improve the diagnosis yield of the ECG. This study has shown large evidence in favour of using neural nets to improve the exercise ECG as a non-invasive
technique for detecting heart diseases.
Click here to download
ppt on artificial neural network .pdf | presented by GIET engg college | free download
papers on artificial neural network
ABSTRACT
An artificial neural network or commonly just neural network
is an interconnected group of artificial neurons that uses a mathematical model or computational
model for information processing based on a connectionist approach to computation. In most
cases an artificial neural network is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on
external or internal information that flows through the network. In more practical terms neural
networks are non-linear statistical data modeling tools. They can be used to model complex
relationships between inputs and outputs or to find patterns in data.Neural network is an
interconnected group of nodes, akin to the vast network of neurons in the human brain.
(The term “neural network “ can also mean biological-type systems.)
More complex neural networks are often used in parallel distributed processing.
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ABSTRACT
An artificial neural network or commonly just neural network
is an interconnected group of artificial neurons that uses a mathematical model or computational
model for information processing based on a connectionist approach to computation. In most
cases an artificial neural network is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on
external or internal information that flows through the network. In more practical terms neural
networks are non-linear statistical data modeling tools. They can be used to model complex
relationships between inputs and outputs or to find patterns in data.Neural network is an
interconnected group of nodes, akin to the vast network of neurons in the human brain.
(The term “neural network “ can also mean biological-type systems.)
More complex neural networks are often used in parallel distributed processing.
Click here to download::
ppt on AUTOCONFIGURING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPLIED TO FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN POWER SYSTEMS
PAPERS on AUTOCONFIGURING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPLIED TO FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN POWER SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION:
The fault diagnosis of a power system provides an effective means to get
information about system restoration and maintenance of the power system.
Artificial intelligence has been successfully implemented on fault diagnosis
and system monitoring. Expert systems are used by defining rules, for a fault
diagnosis. In the present work particularly a new method of “AI” namely
“Artificial Neural Network” is used as diagnosing to power system faults.
A study has been made by taking a sample models of power systems. The all
possible faults of the system were diagnosed and predicted with the help of
“Auto-Configuring Artificial Neural Network” namely “Radial Basis Function
Network” and the comprehensive study reveals that the proposed method is
more efficient, faster and reliable than any other method used for fault
diagnosis of power systems.
Click here to download::
INTRODUCTION:
The fault diagnosis of a power system provides an effective means to get
information about system restoration and maintenance of the power system.
Artificial intelligence has been successfully implemented on fault diagnosis
and system monitoring. Expert systems are used by defining rules, for a fault
diagnosis. In the present work particularly a new method of “AI” namely
“Artificial Neural Network” is used as diagnosing to power system faults.
A study has been made by taking a sample models of power systems. The all
possible faults of the system were diagnosed and predicted with the help of
“Auto-Configuring Artificial Neural Network” namely “Radial Basis Function
Network” and the comprehensive study reveals that the proposed method is
more efficient, faster and reliable than any other method used for fault
diagnosis of power systems.
Click here to download::
ppt on ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS.pdf | seminor topic free download |
PAPERS ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS::
Abstract
This report is an introduction to Artificial Neural Networks. The various types of neural
networks are explained and demonstrated, applications of neural networks like ANNs in
medicine are described, and a detailed historical background is provided. The connection
between the artificial and the real thing is also investigated and explained. Finally, the
mathematical models involved are presented and demonstrated.
Contents:
2.2 From Human Neurones to Artificial Neurones
3.2 Firing rules - How neurones make decisions
3.3 A more complicated neuron
4.2 Feedback (autoassociative) networks
4.3 Recurrent networks
4.4 Hopfield networks
4.5 Stochastic neural networks
4.6Modular neural networks
4.7 Network layers
5.2The Back-Propagation Algorithm
6. Applications of neural networks
Click here to download
Abstract
This report is an introduction to Artificial Neural Networks. The various types of neural
networks are explained and demonstrated, applications of neural networks like ANNs in
medicine are described, and a detailed historical background is provided. The connection
between the artificial and the real thing is also investigated and explained. Finally, the
mathematical models involved are presented and demonstrated.
Contents:
1. Introduction to Neural Networks
1.1 What is a neural network?
1.2 Historical background
1.3 Why we use neural networks?
1.4 Neural networks versus conventional computers - a
comparison1.2 Historical background
1.3 Why we use neural networks?
1.4 Neural networks versus conventional computers - a
2. Human and Artificial Neurones - investigating the similarities
2.1 How the Human Brain Learns?2.2 From Human Neurones to Artificial Neurones
3. An Engineering approach
3.1 A simple neuron - description of a simple neuron3.2 Firing rules - How neurones make decisions
3.3 A more complicated neuron
4. Architecture of neural networks
4.1 Feed-forward (associative) networks4.2 Feedback (autoassociative) networks
4.3 Recurrent networks
4.4 Hopfield networks
4.5 Stochastic neural networks
4.6Modular neural networks
4.7 Network layers
5. The Learning Process
5.1Transfer Function5.2The Back-Propagation Algorithm
6. Applications of neural networks
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