ABSTRACT
Electrostatic discharges constitute a danger for integrated circuits that never should be underestimated .This paper focuses on what is ESD , where does this term occurs , what are the damages caused by ESD and
its cost of damage at each and every level. Electrostatic charging can occur as a result of friction, as well as
for other reasons. When two non conducting materials rub together, then are separated, opposite
electrostatic charges remain on both. These charges attempt to equalize each other. A common example of
the generation of such charges is when one walks with well-insulated shoes on a carpet that is electrically
non conducting, causing the body to become charged. If a conducting object is touched, for example, a
water pipe or a piece of equipment connected to a ground line, the body is discharged. The energy stored in
the human body is injected into the object that is touched, and is converted primarily into heat..The various
levels of human perceptions and its ranges are also discussed. We have some elementary circuit models in
which the ESD occur and some graphical comparisons of the above models. This test circuits have been
developed to test sensitivity to electrostatic discharges by simulating various scenarios. These test circuits
are analyzed in more detail in the following paragraphs. These should provide the design engineer with
insight into the reliability of these tests and the effectiveness of the individual protection circuits, providing
the criteria to decide, in individual cases, whether additional precautions are necessary. We have the
classification of failures based on ESD , their respective contribution percentages and the basic circuits for
the preventions of ESD.
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